In response to an interest from girls in joining the Boy Scouts of America, James West encourage Luther Gulick to start a girls organization. This organization -- Camp Fire Girls -- was the result. Below is a collection of sources (primary, secondary and archival) relating to Camp Fire. A more extensive Bibliography has been developed and is now available as a PDF document. A Guide to Manuscript Collections and Archives, is in the process of being compiled. If you have additional references you’d like to recommend be added to the bibliographies, please contact us.

• Camp Fire Girls of Buffalo and Erie County Records, 1913-1974, 1913-1974 (MS 32). University Archives, State University of New York. Buffalo, NY. Contents: The records of Camp Fire Girls of Buffalo and Erie County document the history of the organization from 1913 to 1970. Included are minute books, scrapbooks and photograph albums; copies of Camp Fire Girl publications, including various editions of the Book of the Camp Fire Girls, 1913-60 and the Handbook for guardians of Camp Fire Girls, 1925-1961.
   
• "Romance as an Aid to Morality." Current Literature 53 (November, 1912): 553.
   
• "Boy Scouts; Scouts at Luna Park. 3,000-Mile Motor Trip. Boy Scouts Police Aids. Good Turns and Great Turns. Camp Fires at Home. Down in Louisiana. Scout Camps Not Far from New York Where Binghamton Boys Go. Camp Rotary's Sea Scouts. A Trip to Lake George. Camp Reade Cuts Prices. Variety in Dutchess County. This One Breaks Records. Rochester Campers. Rome's New Camp. On Long Island Shore. White Plains Playground. Near New Brunswick. These Are Bridge Builders. For Montelair Boys. In Charge of Cumps." New York Times, July 17 1921, 75 (71 page).
   
• "Camp Fire Girls and Scouts Celebrate 27 Years of Service." Newsweek 13 (March 20, 1939): 34+.
   
• "Contribution in Education-Recreation Field." Recreation 34 (February, 1941): 665.
   
• "The Official Price Guide to Scouting Collectibles." v. Orlando, FL: House of Collectibles, 1982.
   
• Bennett, Muriel. "An Investigation of the Educational Practices and Value of the Program of Activities for Camp Fire Girls in San Diego, California." M.A. thesis, Claremont Colleges, 1936.
   
• Buckler, Helen, Mary F. Fiedler, and Martha F. Allen. Wo-He-Lo: The Story of Camp Fire Girls, 1910-1960. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961.
   
• Buckler, Helen, Mary F. Fiedler, Martha F. Allen, and Ron Schaumburg. Wo-He-Lo: The Camp Fire History. Kansas City, MO: Camp Fire, 1980.
   
• Camp Fire for Eastern Massachusetts Council. Records, 1914-1976 (Inclusive). Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University. Cambridge, MA. Contents: Collection includes printed brochures, booklets, etc.; photographs; clippings; memory books; insignia, etc., many of them documenting Camp Kiwanee. 8 linear feet.
   
• Camp Fire USA. Archives. Historical Resource Center, Camp Fire USA. Kansas City, MO.
   
• Clark, Marie Wynne. "Changing World of Youth Groups." NEA Journal 57 (February, 1968): 10-13.
   
• Dinger, Ralph E., Edith Bayer, and Lutheran Council in the USA. Division of Mission Ministry. Department of National Youth Agency. Correspondence Files, 1964-1987. Library, Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Chicago, IL. Contents: Department of National Youth Agency Relationships correspondence files (1964-1987) contain correspondence, memoranda, reports, Department evaluations, award winner lists, brochures, newsletters, and publications regarding the activities of the Department, its predecessor Office, and its successor program Youth Agency Relationships (YAR), in administering religious emblem programs in civic youth-serving agencies and coordinating efforts between these agencies and the Lutheran Council in the USA's (LCUSA) church bodies. Civic youth-serving agencies in which the Department was involved included Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts, Camp Fire Girls, 4-H clubs, Boys and Girls Clubs of America, Future Farmers and Future Homemakers of America, and the American Red Cross. Specific programs administered by the. Department included the God-Home-Country program, and the Pro Deo et Patria program for Lutheran Boy Scouts and Explorers (both replaced by a Lutheran Living Faith program in 1983), and the Lamb Award. Correspondents include Department Director Ralph E. Dinger; Secretary to the Director Edith Bayer; National Lutheran Association of Scouters officials; LCUSA and Division of Mission and Ministry staff; LCUSA church body youth boards and parish services departmens; Programs of Religious Activities with Youth (PRAY) leaders; civic youth-serving agency officials; Lutheran Brotherhood officials; and youth involved in the programs.
   
• Dorgan, Ethel Josephine. "Luther Halsey Gulick, 1865-1918." Ph.D. diss., Teachers College, Columbia University, 1934.
   
• Girl Scouts of the United States of America. National Council. General Files (ca. 1902-1985). National Historic Preservation Center, Girl Scouts of the United States of America. New York, NY. Contents: Files contain correspondence, memos, clippings, printed material, miscellaneous reports, certificates, statistics, information sheets, and histories documenting the history of the Girl Scouts. Subjects covered include the founding of the Girl Scouts, American Indian Girl Scouts, anniversaries, badges and awards, Brownie Girl Scouts, camping, Boy Scouts, Camp Fire Girls, conferences, fund raising, Girl Guides of America, Girl Pioneers of America, international projects and activities, uniforms, war and post-war activities, World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts; various personalities including volunteers such as board members, presidents, First Ladies of the U.S. (who are always honorary presidents of the Girl Scouts), presidents, and staff; and other topics. Of note are files containing biographical data, clippings, correspondence, speeches, and writings of Lord Robert Baden-Powell, 1902-1938; Lady Olave Baden-Powell, 1919-1970s; and Juliette Gordon Low, 1913-1927.
   
• Gulick Family. Gulick Family Papers, American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. Houghton Library, Harvard College Library Cambridge, MA. Contents: Records of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, including personal papers and photographs of individuals and organizations associated with it. WIthin this collection is a collecton of daries and photographs (1861-ca. 1930) of the Gulick family. Includes diaries and notebooks of Luther H. Gulick; photographs of him, Sidney L. Gulick, and others of the family; and photographs of "eminent Japanese," some inscribed to Sidney L. Gulick. For the main collection of Gulick family papers see part IV of the finding aid for this collection. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL.Hough:hou01467.
   
• Hahner, Leslie. "Girls and Practical Patriotism: The Virtues of the New Girl at the Turn of the Twentieth Century." Paper presented at the National Communication Association, Boston, MA, 17-20 November 2005.
   
• _____. "Practical Patriotism: Camp Fire Girls, Girl Scouts, and Americanization." Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies 5, no. 2, (June, 2008): 113-134.
   
• Haworth, Henry Rosslyn. Round the Camp Fire: Yarns for Boy Scouts on the Scout Promise and Laws: Stockwell, 1956.
   
• Helgren, Jennifer Hillman. "Inventing American Girlhood: Gender and Citizenship in the Twentieth-Century Camp Fire Girls." Ph.D. diss., The Claremont Graduate University, 2005.
   
• Inness, Sherrie A. "Girl Scouts, Camp Fire Girls, and Wood Craft Girls." In Nancy Drew and Company, edited by Sherrie A. Inness, 89-100. Bowling Green, PA: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1997.
   
• Lawson, Publius V. Doty Centennial Pageant: Conducted by Menasha Boy Scouts of America and Camp Fire Girls, July 4th, 1920. Menasha, WI, 1920.
   
• McCallum, Mary Jane. ""The Fundamental Things": Camp Fire Girls and Authenticity, 1910-20." Canadian Journal of History of Sport 40, no. 1, (April, 2005): 45-66.
   
• McCormick, Cyrus Hall. McCormick-IHC Collection, 1880-1937. Wisconsin Historical Society. Madison, WI. Contents: Routine records of philanthropic donations by Chicago industrialist McCormick to a variety of organizations and individuals. Grouped by recipient, the files typically include a letter of appeal, McCormick's or his secretary's response, his secretary's letter enclosing the check, letters from the recipient thanking him for the money, and occasional correspondence between McCormick and his secretary on how much to give; all enclosed with a slip for each recipient identifying the subject with remarks on what the donation was for. The individuals McCormick gave to varied from people asking for a few dollars to large yearly donations. Organizations represented include those concerned with world peace, Native Americans, education, the Presbyterian Church of Chicago and the United States, women's and children's charities, and Chicago area philanthropies. Miscellaneous volumes in the series are donation record lists, dockets, financial record books, and YMCA International Committee subscription books.
   
• Miller, S. "Your Children." Audubon 57 (May, 1955): 143.
   
• Miller, Susan A. Growing Girls: The Natural Origins of Girls' Organizations in America, The Rutgers Series in Childhood Studies. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2007 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip071/2006031260.html.
   
• Oklahoma City Council of Social Welfare. One out of Three; Youth Membership Study of Boys and Girls Who Take Part in the Programs Offered by the Boy Scouts, Camp Fire Girls, Girl Scouts, Neighborhood Clubs, Y.M.C.A. And Y.W.C.A. Oklahoma City, OK: Council of Social Welfare, 1946.
   
• Paul, J. H. Six Years of Home Reading for Boy Scouts, Camp Fire and Bee Hive Girls, Their Parents, and Others, Bulletin of the University of Utah; Vol. 11, No. 14 (Extension Division Series; Vol. 2, No. 7). Salt Lake City, UT: Deseret Book Co., 1920.
   
• Schaumburg, Ron. "Camp Fire, 1961-1979." Wo-He-Lo: The Camp Fire History (1980).
   
• Seton, Ernest Thompson. Correspondence, 1870-1960 (Bulk 1890-1946). Department of Library Services, American Museum of Natural History. New York, NY. Contents: Photocopies of Seton's correspondence, many typed from the handwritten original, are primarily letters addressed to him. Correspondence with scientific institutions concerning his publications, bird life, and observations of wildlife, especially of Manitoba, Canada. Much correspondence devoted to his position as one of the founders of the Boy Scouts of America and correspondence with Robert Baden-Powell, Daniel Carter Beard, and other officials reflects plans, activities and other matters of this organization. Other papers pertain to his involvement with the Woodcraft League. Reference is also made to Girl Scouts of America and Camp Fire Girls of America. Seton corresponded with many prominent individuals such as William T. Hornaday of the New York Zoological Society, C. Hart Merriam, and John Burroughs, in addition to many natural history clubs and scientific societies. Also included in collection are letters Seton wrote from Paris and New York City, many referring to personal and family business and finances, and other matters, 1890s; manuscripts of articles he wrote about the American West and articles of animal fiction stories. A few letters written about Seton after his death complete the collection.
   
• Shepherd, Rose, and National Youth Administration. Historical Social Organizations, No. 140. Washington, DC: WPA Federal Writer's Project for the State of Florida, 1936.
   
• Spewack, Samuel Loebel (interviewee), Bella Cohen Spewack (interviewee), Joan Franklin (interviewer), and Robert Franklin (interviewer). Reminiscences of Samuel Loebel and Bella Cohen Spewack: Oral History 1958 (Popular Arts Project, Part I). Oral History Research Office, Columbia University. New York, NY. Contents: Bella Spewack's early career as writer and publicity agent; work with Girl Scouts and Camp Fire Girls; Samuel Spewack's beginnings as correspondent for the WORLD, 1918-1926: reporters and speakeasies, the Sacco-Vanzetti case, foreign coverage; their collaboration on plays and screenwriting; Hollywood in the 1930s.
   
• Wallach, Stephanie. "Luther Halsey Gulick and the Salvation of the American Adolescent." Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1989.
   
• West, James Ellis. Education Work of the Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts and Campfire Girls, Report of the Commissioner of Education; 1916, No. 1. Washington, DC: US Bureau of Education, 1916.
   
• Wichita (KS) Scouting Study Committee. A Study of Areas of Greatest Need for the Programs of Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts and Camp Fire Girls, Publication No. 1. Wichita, KS: Wichita Scouting Study Committee, 1951.
   
• Wood, Levi Hollingsworth. L. Hollingsworth Wood Papers, 1903-1953 (Ms. Coll. 1175). Library, Haverford College. Haverford, PA. Contents: Correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, lists, press releases, transcripts, notes, photographs, clippings, drafts of articles and speeches, financial and legal papers, brochures, pamphlets and other printed items, account books and other papers. Primarily correspondence and other papers related to the many activities Wood was involved in. For a summary list of folders in the collection, arranged alphabetically by organization, institution, committee, etc. see folder list. This list includes links to fuller, more detailed descriptions of papers in the collection. In addition, a chronological checklist of organizations, etc., and an alphabetical index of selected correspondents in the collection appears at the end of this page. Wood's correspondents included Jane Addams, Roger N. Baldwin, Ruth Standish Baldwin, W. E. B. DuBois, Hollis B. Frissell, Luther H. Gulick, George Edmund Haynes, Eugene Kinckle Jones, Fayette A. McKenzie, Robert R. Moton, Norman Thomas, Oswald Garrison Villard, Booker T. Washington, Margaret Washington and Carter G. Woodson, as well as many prominent Friends, including Joseph Allen Baker [Quaker?], Joshua L. Barton, Raymond Binford, Gilbert Bowles, Phillips Bradley, Henry J. Cadbury, Francis R. Cope, James G. Douglas, Anna Griscom Elkinton, J. Passmore Elkinton, John T. Emlen, Lewis Lyndon Hobbs, Allen D. Hole, William I. Hull, Rufus M. Jones, Thomas Elsa Jones, S. Edgar Nicholson, Elbert Russell, Alfred G. Scattergood, Anna Braithwaite Thomas, Wilbur K. Thomas, Benjamin F. Trueblood, George A. Walton, J. Barnard Walton, Gilbert White, Carolena M. Wood, Walter C. Woodward, Stanley R. Yarnall and many others. http://www.haverford.edu/library/special/aids/wood.
   
• Younger, Joan. "Growing Up: Portland, Ore." Ladies' Home Journal 64 (July, 1947): 23+.

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